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Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan

Received: 18 August 2021     Accepted: 2 September 2021     Published: 15 September 2021
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Abstract

The most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water is microbial contamination which has the potential to cause large outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Shendi Town. A descriptive analytic study was used to examine the bacteriological quality of drinking water from sources, the distribution system, and household containers, Water samples were collected per season from all sources that used directly for drinking purpose in the community at study area according to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality. Water samples were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli by using (lauryl treptose media, brilliant green bile broth and peptone water (BGB), and Earthen methylene blue (EMB)) methods respectively. The study revealed that the bacteriological quality of drinking water varied from one season to another, where 31.3% of tested samples indicated feacal pollution in the summer season, and 41.3% of samples pointed to E. coli bacteria presence in autumn, While 36.3% of samples were appeared E. coli positive in the winter season. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: Civil Water Corporation should be improvement the quality of currently drinking water by subjecting it to treatment processes, and must be established a surface drinking water treatment plant as soon as possible.

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
Page(s) 162-168
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Quality, Coliform Bacteria, Season Change, Pollution, Shendi Town, Indicator, Fecal Contamination

References
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[8] Miner CA, Dakhin AP, Zoakah Al, Zaman M, Bimba J (2016). Physical and Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water Sources in Gwafan Community, Plateau State, Nigeria. Pyrex J. Res. Environ. Stud. 3 (1): 001-006.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal, Basheer Mohammed El hassan, Ahmed Mohammed Hussein. (2021). Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 7(3), 162-168. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

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    ACS Style

    Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal; Basheer Mohammed El hassan; Ahmed Mohammed Hussein. Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan. J. Health Environ. Res. 2021, 7(3), 162-168. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

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    AMA Style

    Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal, Basheer Mohammed El hassan, Ahmed Mohammed Hussein. Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan. J Health Environ Res. 2021;7(3):162-168. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17,
      author = {Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal and Basheer Mohammed El hassan and Ahmed Mohammed Hussein},
      title = {Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan},
      journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {162-168},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20210703.17},
      abstract = {The most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water is microbial contamination which has the potential to cause large outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Shendi Town. A descriptive analytic study was used to examine the bacteriological quality of drinking water from sources, the distribution system, and household containers, Water samples were collected per season from all sources that used directly for drinking purpose in the community at study area according to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality. Water samples were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli by using (lauryl treptose media, brilliant green bile broth and peptone water (BGB), and Earthen methylene blue (EMB)) methods respectively. The study revealed that the bacteriological quality of drinking water varied from one season to another, where 31.3% of tested samples indicated feacal pollution in the summer season, and 41.3% of samples pointed to E. coli bacteria presence in autumn, While 36.3% of samples were appeared E. coli positive in the winter season. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: Civil Water Corporation should be improvement the quality of currently drinking water by subjecting it to treatment processes, and must be established a surface drinking water treatment plant as soon as possible.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    AU  - Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal
    AU  - Basheer Mohammed El hassan
    AU  - Ahmed Mohammed Hussein
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    T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
    JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
    JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
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    SN  - 2472-3592
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
    AB  - The most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water is microbial contamination which has the potential to cause large outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Shendi Town. A descriptive analytic study was used to examine the bacteriological quality of drinking water from sources, the distribution system, and household containers, Water samples were collected per season from all sources that used directly for drinking purpose in the community at study area according to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality. Water samples were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli by using (lauryl treptose media, brilliant green bile broth and peptone water (BGB), and Earthen methylene blue (EMB)) methods respectively. The study revealed that the bacteriological quality of drinking water varied from one season to another, where 31.3% of tested samples indicated feacal pollution in the summer season, and 41.3% of samples pointed to E. coli bacteria presence in autumn, While 36.3% of samples were appeared E. coli positive in the winter season. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: Civil Water Corporation should be improvement the quality of currently drinking water by subjecting it to treatment processes, and must be established a surface drinking water treatment plant as soon as possible.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 3
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Author Information
  • Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  • Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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