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The Use of 3S Technology to Assess Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease in Offinso Cocoa District Area, Ghana

Received: 3 September 2021     Accepted: 26 September 2021     Published: 12 October 2021
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Abstract

The cocoa industry is ruined by Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease (CSSVD) caused by a virus transmitted by mealybugs. Initiatives by Ghana Cocoa Board to control the disease have not been all that successful over the years. The study aimed at exploring Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Global Position System (GPS) techniques to assess the prevalence of CSSVD in terms of their geographic locations by comparing the 2nd and 3rd Country Wide Surveys (CWS) undertaken by Cocoa Health and Extension Division (CHED) in the Offinso cocoa district of Ghana. Handheld GPS, GIS shapefiles, and Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images were used. Geo-spatial overlay operations of shapefiles and performances on NDVI computations yielded relationships between the 2nd and 3rd CWS on CSSVD farms over ten years period from 2009 to 2019. It was revealed that only 12.99 hectares of the disease are found in the 2nd CWS was persistent under the 3rd CWS and this was due to successful treatment of infected area during the 2nd CWS. Also, the health of cocoa under the 3rd CWS had improved to 262.89 hectares from the previously infected 275.89 hectares. Thus, treatment of the CSSVD was effective and the vegetative health index of the farms emanated from the treatment was also encouraging. The results show the impact on the control of CSSVD for the sustainable production of cocoa. In addition, the research method serves as a guideline for other related studies in an attempt to investigate, quantify and project CSSVD.

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.jher.20210704.11
Page(s) 169-180
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cocoa, 3S Technology, CSSVD, NDVI, Country Wide Surveys

References
[1] Domfeh, O. et al. (2011) ‘Cocoa swollen shoot virus disease situation in Ghana: A review of current trends’, African Journal of Agricultural Research. doi: 10.5897/AJAR11.607.
[2] Baah, F. and Anchirinah, V. (2011) ‘A review of Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana extension activities and the management of cocoa pests and diseases in Ghana’, American Journal of Social and Management Sciences. doi: 10.5251/ajsms.2011.2.1.196.201.
[3] Dzahini-Obiatey, H., Ameyaw, G. A. and Ollennu, L. A. (2006) ‘Control of cocoa swollen shoot disease by eradicating infected trees in Ghana: A survey of treated and replanted areas’, Crop Protection. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.09.004.
[4] Andres, C. et al. (2017) ‘Combatting Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease: What do we know?’ Crop Protection. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2017.03.010.
[5] Ameyaw, G. A., Dzahini-Obiatey, H. K. and Domfeh, O. (2014) ‘Perspectives on cocoa swollen shoot virus disease (CSSVD) management in Ghana’, Crop Protection. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2014.07.001.
[6] Board, G. C. (2018). Manual for cocoa extension in Ghana.
[7] Quainoo, A. (2010) ‘PCR-based quarantine procedure for the detection of cocoa swollen shoot virus’, Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. doi: 10.5251/abjna.2010.1.6.1357.1364.
[8] Xiao Hua, X., Xin-Fa, X., Sheng, L., Sha Sha, F., & Gaowei, W. (2011). Soil Erosion Environmental Analysis of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on the “3S” Technology. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10, 2218–2225.
[9] Fan, L. X., WU, E. Q., QU, X. C., Chao, L. I. U., NING, B. A., & Ying, L. I. U. (2016). Distribution characteristics of Spermophilus dauricus in Manchuria City in China in 2015 through ‘3S’technology. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 29 (8), 603–608.
[10] Huang, J., Li, F., Zeng, G., Liu, W., Huang, X., Xiao, Z., Wu, H., Gu, Y., Li, X., & He, X. (2016). Integrating hierarchical bioavailability and population distribution into potential eco-risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust: A case study in Xiandao District, Changsha city, China. Science of the Total Environment, 541, 969–976.
[11] Lyu, H.-M., Wang, G.-F., Cheng, W.-C., & Shen, S.-L. (2017). Tornado hazards on June 23 in Jiangsu Province, China: preliminary investigation and analysis. Natural Hazards, 85 (1), 597–604.
[12] Lv, Z., Li, X., Wang, W., Zhang, B., Hu, J., & Feng, S. (2018). Government affairs service platform for smart city. Future Generation Computer Systems, 81, 443–451.
[13] Biney, E., and Boakye, E., (2021). Urban sprawl and its impact on land use land cover dynamics of Sekondi-Takoradi metropolitan assembly, Ghana. Environmental Challenges, 100168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100168.
[14] National population census report 2010. Ghana statistical service, http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010_District_Report//Ashanti/OFFINSO%2520MUNICIPAL. (Accessed 19/01/2019).
[15] MOFA., 2018. Ministry of Food and Agriculture-Ghana. (Accessed 09/12/2019).
[16] Dzahini-Obiatey, H., Domfeh, O. and Amoah, F. M. (2010) ‘Over seventy years of a viral disease of cocoa in Ghana: From researchers’ perspective’, African Journal of Agricultural Research. doi: 10.5897/AJAR09.625.
[17] Gandhi, G. M. et al. (2015) ‘Ndvi: Vegetation Change Detection Using Remote Sensing and Gis - A Case Study of Vellore District’, in Procedia Computer Science. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.415.
[18] Chingandu, N. et al. (2017) ‘The proposed new species, cacao red vein virus, and three previously recognized badnavirus species are associated with cacao swollen shoot disease’, Virology Journal. doi: 10.1186/s12985-017-0866-6.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Fred Oduro Sarpong, Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard, Ernest Biney. (2021). The Use of 3S Technology to Assess Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease in Offinso Cocoa District Area, Ghana. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 7(4), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210704.11

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    ACS Style

    Fred Oduro Sarpong; Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard; Ernest Biney. The Use of 3S Technology to Assess Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease in Offinso Cocoa District Area, Ghana. J. Health Environ. Res. 2021, 7(4), 169-180. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210704.11

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    AMA Style

    Fred Oduro Sarpong, Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard, Ernest Biney. The Use of 3S Technology to Assess Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease in Offinso Cocoa District Area, Ghana. J Health Environ Res. 2021;7(4):169-180. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210704.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jher.20210704.11,
      author = {Fred Oduro Sarpong and Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard and Ernest Biney},
      title = {The Use of 3S Technology to Assess Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease in Offinso Cocoa District Area, Ghana},
      journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {169-180},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20210704.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210704.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20210704.11},
      abstract = {The cocoa industry is ruined by Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease (CSSVD) caused by a virus transmitted by mealybugs. Initiatives by Ghana Cocoa Board to control the disease have not been all that successful over the years. The study aimed at exploring Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Global Position System (GPS) techniques to assess the prevalence of CSSVD in terms of their geographic locations by comparing the 2nd and 3rd Country Wide Surveys (CWS) undertaken by Cocoa Health and Extension Division (CHED) in the Offinso cocoa district of Ghana. Handheld GPS, GIS shapefiles, and Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images were used. Geo-spatial overlay operations of shapefiles and performances on NDVI computations yielded relationships between the 2nd and 3rd CWS on CSSVD farms over ten years period from 2009 to 2019. It was revealed that only 12.99 hectares of the disease are found in the 2nd CWS was persistent under the 3rd CWS and this was due to successful treatment of infected area during the 2nd CWS. Also, the health of cocoa under the 3rd CWS had improved to 262.89 hectares from the previously infected 275.89 hectares. Thus, treatment of the CSSVD was effective and the vegetative health index of the farms emanated from the treatment was also encouraging. The results show the impact on the control of CSSVD for the sustainable production of cocoa. In addition, the research method serves as a guideline for other related studies in an attempt to investigate, quantify and project CSSVD.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Use of 3S Technology to Assess Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease in Offinso Cocoa District Area, Ghana
    AU  - Fred Oduro Sarpong
    AU  - Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard
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    Y1  - 2021/10/12
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    JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-3592
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210704.11
    AB  - The cocoa industry is ruined by Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease (CSSVD) caused by a virus transmitted by mealybugs. Initiatives by Ghana Cocoa Board to control the disease have not been all that successful over the years. The study aimed at exploring Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Global Position System (GPS) techniques to assess the prevalence of CSSVD in terms of their geographic locations by comparing the 2nd and 3rd Country Wide Surveys (CWS) undertaken by Cocoa Health and Extension Division (CHED) in the Offinso cocoa district of Ghana. Handheld GPS, GIS shapefiles, and Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images were used. Geo-spatial overlay operations of shapefiles and performances on NDVI computations yielded relationships between the 2nd and 3rd CWS on CSSVD farms over ten years period from 2009 to 2019. It was revealed that only 12.99 hectares of the disease are found in the 2nd CWS was persistent under the 3rd CWS and this was due to successful treatment of infected area during the 2nd CWS. Also, the health of cocoa under the 3rd CWS had improved to 262.89 hectares from the previously infected 275.89 hectares. Thus, treatment of the CSSVD was effective and the vegetative health index of the farms emanated from the treatment was also encouraging. The results show the impact on the control of CSSVD for the sustainable production of cocoa. In addition, the research method serves as a guideline for other related studies in an attempt to investigate, quantify and project CSSVD.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Cocoa Health and Extension Division, Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD), Kumasi, Ghana

  • Department of Geomatic Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

  • Department of Geomatic Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

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