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Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria

Received: 10 March 2021     Accepted: 23 March 2021     Published: 7 April 2021
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Abstract

The quality of surface and ground water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. A total of two (2) hand dug wells, two (2) stream water and six (6) mine waste water samples were collected in March 2019. The water samples were analyzed in triplicate for As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cd using AAS. The toxic metals concentration sequence was such that Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were higher than WHO and NESREA Standard limits. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were used to calculate the health risk for human population. The Hazard Index (HI) value for all pathways was found to be 236.8 in mine waste water, 23.39 in stream water 1, 12.91 in stream water 2, 11.1 in well water 1 and 45.07 in well water 2. Among all the studied metals, Cr and Cd has the highest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.8 x 10–3 and 5.17 x 10–3 while Pb and Ni has the lowest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.69 x 10–4 and 5.9 x 10–4.

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11
Page(s) 76-87
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metal, Water Quality, Health Risk, Mining, Assessment

References
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  • APA Style

    Musa Williams Ombugus, Wuana Raymond Ahulle, Itodo Udoji Adams, Eneji Ishaq Shaibu. (2021). Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 7(2), 76-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

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    ACS Style

    Musa Williams Ombugus; Wuana Raymond Ahulle; Itodo Udoji Adams; Eneji Ishaq Shaibu. Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. J. Health Environ. Res. 2021, 7(2), 76-87. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

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    AMA Style

    Musa Williams Ombugus, Wuana Raymond Ahulle, Itodo Udoji Adams, Eneji Ishaq Shaibu. Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. J Health Environ Res. 2021;7(2):76-87. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11,
      author = {Musa Williams Ombugus and Wuana Raymond Ahulle and Itodo Udoji Adams and Eneji Ishaq Shaibu},
      title = {Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria},
      journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {76-87},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20210702.11},
      abstract = {The quality of surface and ground water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. A total of two (2) hand dug wells, two (2) stream water and six (6) mine waste water samples were collected in March 2019. The water samples were analyzed in triplicate for As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cd using AAS. The toxic metals concentration sequence was such that Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were higher than WHO and NESREA Standard limits. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were used to calculate the health risk for human population. The Hazard Index (HI) value for all pathways was found to be 236.8 in mine waste water, 23.39 in stream water 1, 12.91 in stream water 2, 11.1 in well water 1 and 45.07 in well water 2. Among all the studied metals, Cr and Cd has the highest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.8 x 10–3 and 5.17 x 10–3 while Pb and Ni has the lowest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.69 x 10–4 and 5.9 x 10–4.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria
    AU  - Musa Williams Ombugus
    AU  - Wuana Raymond Ahulle
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    JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
    JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
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    SN  - 2472-3592
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11
    AB  - The quality of surface and ground water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. A total of two (2) hand dug wells, two (2) stream water and six (6) mine waste water samples were collected in March 2019. The water samples were analyzed in triplicate for As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cd using AAS. The toxic metals concentration sequence was such that Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were higher than WHO and NESREA Standard limits. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were used to calculate the health risk for human population. The Hazard Index (HI) value for all pathways was found to be 236.8 in mine waste water, 23.39 in stream water 1, 12.91 in stream water 2, 11.1 in well water 1 and 45.07 in well water 2. Among all the studied metals, Cr and Cd has the highest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.8 x 10–3 and 5.17 x 10–3 while Pb and Ni has the lowest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.69 x 10–4 and 5.9 x 10–4.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Chemistry Department, College of Education, Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry and Centre for Agrochemical Technology and Environmental Research, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry and Centre for Agrochemical Technology and Environmental Research, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry and Centre for Agrochemical Technology and Environmental Research, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

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